G CODE AND M CODE LISTING
In CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining, G-codes and M-codes are essential elements of the programming language used to control the movements and functions of the machine tool. This includes Vertical Machining Centers (VMCs). Here's a brief overview of G-codes and M-codes in the context of VMC machines:
TYPICAL G COMMAND FOR A MACHINING CENTER
G00: Rapid positioning command.
G01: Linear interpolation command.
G02 - Circular Interpolation Clockwise.
G03 - Circular Interpolation Counterclockwise.
G04 - Dwell or Pause.
G10 - is typically used to set or modify tool and work offsets
G15 - Polar Coordinate Programming
G16 - Polar Coordinate Programming Cancel
G17 - XY Plane Selection
G20 - Inch Units Mode
G21 - Millimeter Units Mode
G28 Return to reference position
G30 Second reference position
G33 Thread cutting
G40 Cancel cutter compensation
G41 Cutter compensation left
G42 Cutter compensation right
G43 Tool length compensation positive
G44 Tool length compensation negative
G49 Tool length compensation cancel
G53 Machine Coordinate move
G54 Use workshift offset #1
G55 Use workshift offset #2
G56 Use workshift offset #3
G57 Use workshift offset #4
G58 Use workshift offset #5
G59 Use workshift offset #6
G60 Single direction positioning
G65 Macro call
G66 Macro modal call
G67 Macro modal call cancel
G73 Peck drilling cycle
G76 Fine boring cycle
G80 Canned cycle cancel
G81 Drilling cycle or spot boring cycle
G82 Drilling cycle or counter boring cycle
G83 Peck drilling cycle
G84 Tapping cycle
G85 Boring cycle
G86 Boring cycle
G87 Back boring cycle
G88 Boring cycle
G89 Boring cycle
G90 Absolute measurements
G91 Incremental measurements
G94 Feed per minute
G95 Feed per revolution of the spindle
G96 Constant surface speed control
G97 Constant surface speed control cancel
G98 Return to initial point in canned cycle
G99 Return to R point is canned cycle
G-codes control the movement and positioning of the tool during machining operations.
Common G-codes used in VMC programming include:
G00:Rapid positioning or rapid traverse. It moves the tool quickly to a specified position.
G01: Linear interpolation. It moves the tool in a straight line between two points.
G02/G03:Circular interpolation. It moves the tool in a clockwise (G02) or counterclockwise (G03) circular path.
G17/G18/G19:Plane selection. Determines the plane in which the tool will move (XY, XZ, or YZ plane).
G20/G21: Unit of measure. Specifies whether programming is in inches (G20) or millimeters (G21).
G28/G30: Return to home position. Sends the tool to a predefined home position.
G90/G91: Absolute or incremental positioning. G90 is absolute, and G91 is incremental.
G-Codes |
| Code | Application |
| G00 | positioning (rapid traverse) (M,T) |
| G01 | linear interpolation (feed) (M,T) |
| G02 | circular Interpolation CW (M,T) |
| G03 | circular Interpolation CCW (M,T) |
| G04 | dwell, a programmed time delay (M,T) |
| G05 | unassigned |
| G06 | parabolic interpretation (M,T) |
| G07 | cylindrical diameter values (T) |
| G08 | programmed acceleration (M,T) |
| G09 | exact stop check (M,T) |
| G10 - G12 | unassigned or lock and unlock devices |
| G13 | computing line and circle intersect (M,T) |
| G14 - G14.1 | used for scaling (M,T) |
| G15 - G16 | polar coordinate programming (M) |
| G15 - G16.1 | cylindrical interpolation - c axis (T) |
| G16.2 | end face milling - c axis (T) |
| G17 | XY plane selection (M,T) |
| G18 | ZX plane selection (M,T) |
| G19 | YZ plane selection (M,T) |
| G20 | input in inch |
| G21 | input in mm |
| G22 - G23 | machine axis off limit area (M,T) |
| G22.1 - G23.1 | cutting tool off limit area (M,T) |
| G24 | single-pass rough facing cycle (T) |
| G28 | return to reference point (M,T) |
| G29 | return from reference point (M,T) |
| G30 | return to alternate home position (M,T) |
| G31.1 - G31.4 | external skip function (M,T) |
| G33 | thread cutting, constant lead (T) |
| G34 | thread cutting, increasing lead (T) |
| G35 | thread cutting, decreasing lead (T) |
| G36 | automatic accel. and deccel. (M,T) |
| G37 | used for tool gaging (M,T) |
| G38 | measure dia. and center of hole (M) |
| G40 | cutter compensation cancel (M) |
| G41 | cutter compensation left (M) |
| G42 | cutter compensation right (M) |
| G43 | cutter offset, inside corner (M,T) |
| G44 | cutter offset, outside corner (M,T) |
| G45 | tool offset decrease |
| G46 | tool offset double increase |
| G47 | tool offset double decrease |
| G48 | scaling off |
| G49 | tool length compensation cancel |
| G50 | tool offset increase |
| G50.1 | cancel mirror image (M,T) |
| G51.1 | program mirror image (M,T) |
| G52 | offset axis w/ respect to 0 point (M,T) |
| G53 | motion in machine coordinates (M,T) |
| G54 | work coordinate system 1 select |
| G55 | work coordinate system 2 select |
| G56 | work coordinate system 3 select |
| G57 | work coordinate system 4 select |
| G58 | work coordinate system 5 select |
| G59 | work coordinate system 6 select |
| G60 | single direction positioning |
| G61 | exact stop check mode (M,T) |
| G62 | reduce feed rate on inside corner (M,T) |
| G64 | cutting mode (M,T) |
| G65 | custom parametric macro (M,T) |
| G66 | custom macro for motion blocks (M,T) |
| G66.1 | custom macro for all blocks (M,T) |
| G67 | stops custom macro (M,T) |
| G68 | coordinate syslaim rotation ON (M) |
| G69 | coordinate syslaim rotation OFF (M) |
| G70 | inch programming (M,T) |
| G71 | metric programming (M,T) |
| G72 | circular interpolation CW (M) |
| G72 | finished cut along z-axis (T) |
| G73 | peck drilling cycle (T) |
| G74 | counter tapping cycle (M) |
| G74 | rough facing cycle (T) |
| G74 | cancel circular interpolation (M,T) |
| G75 | circular interpolation (M,T) |
| G76 | fine boring |
| G80 | canned cycle cancel |
| G81 | drilling cycle, no dwell (M,T) |
| G82 | drilling cycle, dwell (M,T) |
| G83 | deep hole, peck drilling cycle (M,T) |
| G84 | right hand tapping cycle (M,T) |
| G84.1 | left hand tapping cycle (M,T) |
| G85 | boring, no dwell, feed out (M,T) |
| G86 | boring, spindle stop, rapid out (M,T) |
| G87 | boring, manual retraction (M,T) |
| G88 | boring, spindle stop, manual ret. (M,T) |
| G89 | boring, dwell and feed out (M,T) |
| G90 | absolute dimension input (M,T) |
| G91 | incremental dimension input (M,T) |
| G92 | set absolute zero point (M,T) |
| G93 | inverse time feed rate (M,T) |
| G94 | per minute feed (M,T) |
| G95 | per revolution feed (M,T) |
| G96 | constant surface speed control (T) |
| G97 | stop constant surface speed control (T) |
| G98 | return to initial point in canned cycle |
| G99 | return to R point in canned cycle |
TYPICAL M COMMANDS FOR A MACHINING CENTER
M-codes control miscellaneous functions such as tool changes, coolant control, and spindle control.
Common M-codes used in VMC programming include:
M00: Program stop
M01: Optional stop
M02: End of program
M03: Spindle start (clockwise).
M04: Spindle start (counterclockwise).
M05: Spindle stop.
M06: Tool change. It commands the machine to change to a different tool.
M08: Coolant on.
M09: Coolant off.
G19: spindle orientation
M30: Program end. Marks the end of the program.
M98/M99: Subprogram call/return. Used for calling and returning from subprograms.
Customization:
G-codes and M-codes may have variations and additional functionalities depending on the CNC control system used.
Users should refer to the specific CNC control manual for the VMC machine to understand the available codes and their functionalities.
programming example:
A simple program block might look like this:
G00 G90 G54 X0 Y0 Z0 ; Rapid positioning to initial point in absolute coordinates
M03 S500 ; Start spindle at 500 RPM (clockwise)
G01 X10 Y10 Z-2 F50 ; Linear cut to X=10, Y=10, Z=-2 at feed rate of 50 units per minute
M05 ; Stop spindle
Programming a VMC involves creating a series of these G-code and M-code instructions to control the tool's movements and the machine's functions during the machining process.
A Vertical Machine
ining Center (VMC) is a type of milling machine with a vertically oriented spindle, allowing for precise and efficient machining of workpieces. VMCs are widely used in manufacturing for a variety of applications, and they are a key component in computer numerical control (CNC) machining.
Here are some key features and aspects of VMC machines:
1.Vertical Orientation:
Unlike a Horizontal Machining Center (HMC), a VMC has a spindle that is oriented vertically. This means the cutting tool moves up and down along the Z-axis, while the workpiece is secured on a horizontal table.
2. Axes of Movement:
VMC machines typically have three primary axes of movement: X, Y, and Z. These axes allow the cutting tool to move horizontally, vertically, and in and out, enabling a wide range of machining operations.
3. CNC Control:
VMC machines are controlled by computer numerical control systems. CNC programming, often using G-code, dictates the precise movements and operations of the machine.
4. Tool Changes:
Many VMC machines are equipped with automatic tool changers that allow for the efficient swapping of cutting tools during a machining process. This reduces downtime and increases productivity.
5. Workholding:
VMCs use various workholding devices, such as vises, clamps, and fixtures, to secure the workpiece on the table during machining. Different setups accommodate diverse workpiece shapes and sizes.
6. Versatility:
VMCs can perform a wide range of machining operations, including milling, drilling, tapping, contouring, and more. Their versatility makes them suitable for various industries and applications.
7. Precision and Accuracy:
VMCs are known for their high precision and accuracy. They can produce parts with tight tolerances, making them suitable for applications that require fine details and intricate geometries.
8. Speed and Feed Rates:
VMCs are capable of high-speed machining, allowing for faster material removal rates. The speed and feed rates are programmable and can be adjusted based on the material being machined.
9. Coolant Systems:
To control heat and remove chips during machining, VMC machines often feature coolant systems. This helps maintain cutting tool efficiency and prolong tool life.
10. Enclosures:
VMC machines may have protective enclosures to enhance operator safety and contain chips and coolant during the machining process.
VMC machines are used in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, medical, and general manufacturing. They are essential for producing a wide range of components and parts with precision and efficiency.
){kind=link}
0 Comments